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HMS ''Hibernia'' was a ''King Edward VII''-class pre-dreadnought battleship of Britain's Royal Navy. Like all ships of the class (apart from HMS ''King Edward VII'') she was named after an important part of the British Empire, namely Ireland. Commissioned in early 1907, she served as the flagship of the Rear Admirals of firstly the Atlantic Fleet and then the Channel Fleet. When the latter fleet was reorganised to the Home Fleet, she was based at the Nore. In 1912, ''Hibernia'' hosted trials in naval aviation with the temporary addition of a runway to her foredeck, and the first launch of an aircraft from a vessel underway was achieved from her in early May. Later in 1912, after her experiment with aviation was completed, she and her sister ships formed the 3rd Battle Squadron. The squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet at the beginning of World War I, and served on the Northern Patrol. In 1915 she supported the Dardanelles Campaign and provided cover for the evacuation from the Gallipoli Peninsula. On returning to the United Kingdom she was again attached to the Grand Fleet before being transferred to Nore Command in May 1916, finishing the war as an accommodation ship. She was decommissioned in 1919 and scrapped in 1922. ==Technical characteristics== HMS ''Hibernia'' was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 6 January 1904, launched on 17 June 1905, and completed in December 1906. She was the last of the eight ''King Edward VII''-class battleships to be completed.〔Burt, p. 232〕 Although ''Hibernia'' and her seven sister ships of the ''King Edward VII'' class were a direct descendant of the ''Majestic'' class, they were also the first class to make a significant departure from the ''Majestic'' design, displacing about 1,000 tons more and mounting for the first time an intermediate battery of four 9.2-inch (234-mm) guns in addition to the standard outfit of 6-inch (152-mm) guns. The 9.2-inch was a quick-firing gun like the 6-inch, and its heavier shell made it a formidable weapon by the standards of the day when ''Hibernia'' and her sisters were designed; it was adopted out of concerns that British battleships were undergunned for their displacement and were becoming outgunned by foreign battleships that had begun to mount 8-inch (203-mm) intermediate batteries. The four 9.2-inch were mounted in single turrets abreast the foremast and mainmast, and ''Hibernia'' thus could bring two of them to bear on either broadside. Even then, ''Hibernia'' and her sisters were criticised for not having, a uniform secondary battery of 9.2-inch guns, something considered but rejected because of the length of time it would have taken to design the ships with such a radical revision of the secondary armament layout. In the end, it proved impossible to distinguish 12-inch and 9.2-inch shell splashes from one another, making fire control impractical for ships mounting both calibres, although ''Hibernia'' had fire-control platforms on her fore- and mainmasts rather than the fighting tops of earlier classes.〔''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905'', p. 38〕 Like all British battleships since the ''Majestic'' class, the ''King Edward VII''-class ships had four 12-inch (305-mm) guns in two twin turrets (one forward and one aft), although the final three ''King Edward''s, including ''Hibernia'', mounted the Mark X 12-inch, a improvement on the Mark IX mounted by the first five ''King Edwards''. Mounting of the 6-inch guns in casemates was abandoned in ''Hibernia'' and her sister ships, the 6-inch instead being placed in a central battery amidships protected by 7-inch (178-mm) armoured walls. Otherwise, ''Hibernia''s armour was much as in the ''London''-class battleships, although there were various differences in detail from the ''London''s.〔 ''Hibernia'' and her sisters were the first British battleships with balanced rudders since the 1870s and were very manoeuvrable, with a tactical diameter of 340 yards (311 m) at 15 knots (27.75 km/h). However, they were difficult to keep on a straight course, and this characteristic led to them being nicknamed "the Wobbly Eight" during their 1914–1916 service in the Grand Fleet. They had a slightly faster roll than previous British battleship classes, but were good gun platforms, although very wet in bad weather.〔 Primarily powered by coal, ''Hibernia'' had oil sprayers installed during her construction, as did all of her sisters except HMS ''New Zealand'', the first time this had been done in British battleships. These allowed steam pressure to be rapidly increased, improving ''Hibernia''s acceleration. The eight ships between them were given four different boiler installations for comparative purposes; ''Hibernia''s outfit of boilers, reported as 12 Babcock and Wilcox and three cylindrical by some sources〔 and as 18 Babcock and Wilcox and three cylindrical by others,〔 allowed her to exceed her designed speed on trials.〔 ''Hibernia'' was a powerful ship when she was designed, and completely fulfilled the goals set for her at that time. However, she was unlucky in that the years of her design and construction were ones of revolutionary advancement in naval guns, fire control, armour, and propulsion. She joined the fleet at the beginning of 1907, but already had been made obsolete by the commissioning of the revolutionary battleship at the end of 1906, and large numbers of the new dreadnought battleships would commission in succeeding years. By 1914, ''Hibernia'' and her ''King Edward VII''-class sisters were, like all predreadnoughts, so outclassed that they spent much of their 1914–1916 Grand Fleet service steaming at the heads of divisions of the far more valuable dreadnoughts, protecting the dreadnoughts from naval mines by being the first battleships to either sight or strike them.〔Burt, p. 235〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Hibernia (1905)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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